ProjectManagement&ContractLaw项目管理和合同法Trainer:HerbbrookInterpret:Richardguowww.fdcsky.cnOutline（大纲）?LegalSystemLayers?法定体系层?SourcesofLaw?法的来源?Contracts?合同www.fdcsky.cnLegalsystemlayersSampleConductSanctionsFailuretoreportmoonlightingCodeofEthicsNoformalpenaltyMoonlightingforcompetitorProfessionalMisconductDisciplinaryactionSlanderTortLawCompensationtoothersBreachofcontractContractLawCompensationtoclientBreachofcriminalcodeCriminalLawPunishment(Jail)Asconductworsenstheseverityofthesanctionsincreasewww.fdcsky.cn法律体系层面行为案例处罚办法不报告moonlighting道德规范代码无正式处罚为竞争对手提供暗地服务职业人员的明知故犯训诫式的起诉诽谤民事法对他人的补偿违约合同合同法对客户的补偿违反犯罪code刑法处罚(进监狱)随着行为的进一步恶化处罚的严肃性也增加。www.fdcsky.cnSourcesofLaw?TheUSLegalSystem–BasedonEnglishcommonlawexceptinStateofLouisiana–Consistsoftwoparts?Legislative?Thecommonlawwww.fdcsky.cn法的来源?美国的法律体系–除美国的路易斯安那州外都基于英国的普通法。–由两部分组成?立法机构?普通法www.fdcsky.cnLegislativelaw?Determinedbylegislatures(USCongressandStateLegislatures)?Consistsof–Statutes?ProfessionalEngineeringLicensingLaws(States)?OccupationalHealthandSafetyAct(US)–Regulations?CreatedbyorganizationsliketheSocietyofProfessionalEngineers.www.fdcsky.cn立法机构的立法?由立法机构决定(美国国会和州立法机构)?组成部分有：–条例?职业工程师执照法(州)?职业的健康和安全法案(国家)–法规?由诸如职业工程师协会组织创建.www.fdcsky.cnCommonLaw?Judge-MadeLaw?BasedonthetheoryofPrecedentPrecedentContractDisputeLegalRulingPrecedent-alegalprincipleestablishedinpreviouscourtdecisionswhichinvolvedsimilarwww.fdcsky.cnoranalogousfactsituations.普通法?衡平法?基于先例的理论先例合同纠纷法律规则先例-一种建立在前一个类似案例的法庭宣判结果的法律原理。www.fdcsky.cnPrecedentExample-FundamentalBreach?Maybeappliedtorenderexemptionclausesincontractsineffective.?CaseHistory–HarbuttPlaasticinev.WayneTank&Pump(1970).Factoryburneddownduetofaultymaterial.$2,300limitiedliabilityincontractwaswaivedand$170,000paid.–Precedent-intheeventoffundamentalbreach(abreachofsuchnatureastogototheveryrootofthecontract)anexmptionclauseinacontractwouldnotaffordprotectiontothepartythatcommittedthebreachwww.fdcsky.cn先例案例-根本性的违约?可能应用于解释无效合同中的免除条款.?案例历史–HarbuttPlaasticinev.WayneTank&Pump(1970).由于不合格材料导致工厂被烧毁。合同中$2,300的有限责任被放弃，赔偿了$170,000。–先例－-根本上违反合同中的免除条款（该违反涉及到合同中的根本性问题）不能对违反条款方提供保护。www.fdcsky.cnTheTheoryofDeepPockets?ThepurposeofContractLawistocompensatewrongedpartiesfortheirdamages(notforpunishment)?Therefore,legalactionwilltendtobemadeagainstthosewiththegreatestcapacitytopay.www.fdcsky.cn深口袋理论?合同法的目的在于为受害方的损失提供赔偿（不是为了惩罚）?因此，法律行为通常针对最有支付能力的一方。www.fdcsky.cnContractLaw?Definition–relationshipbetween2ormorepeopledefiningrightsandobligations?5EssentialElementsofEnforceability–OfferandAcceptance–MutualIntent–Aconsiderationwaspaid(Ifnot,thenthecontractisan“agreement”.–Capacity(18yrsofage,soundmind,capable)–LawfulPurposewww.fdcsky.cn合同法?定义–在两方或多方之间定义权利和义务的一种关系?具备法律效力的五个关键因素–提供和接受–双方自愿–已支付报酬(如果没有支付，该合同仅仅是一个协议）。–法律承担能力(18岁以上，精神正常，有能力)–合法的目的www.fdcsky.cnBilateralvs.UnilateralContracts?Everycontractinvolvesatleasttwoparties:anofferorandanofferee.Theofferorpromisestodoornottodosomething.Whetheracontractisunilateralorbilateraldependsonwhattheoffereemustdotoaccept.?Abilateralcontractisapromiseforapromise;iftheoffereeneedonlypromisetoperform,thecontractisbilateral.?Aunilateralcontractisapromiseforanact;iftheoffereecanacceptonlybycompleteperformance,thecontractisunilateral.Aunilateralcontract'sofferbecomesirrevocableoncesubstantialperformancewww.fdcsky.cnhasbeencompleted.双边与单边合同?每一个合同至少涉及到两个合同方:提供方和接受方。提供方承诺做或者不做某个（些）事情。采用单边合同还是双边合同取决于接受方为了接受必须做什么?双边合同是对一个承诺的承诺；如果接受方只需要承诺履行，合同则为双边合同。?单边合同是对一个行为的承诺；如果接受方只有通过完全履行才能接受，合同则为单边合同。在单边合同中，一旦关键部分已经履行，提供则不能召回。www.fdcsky.cnExpressedvs.ImpliedContracts?Anexpresscontractisoneinwhichthetermsareexpressedinwords,oralorwritten,Acontractthatisimpliedfromtheconductofthepartiesisaniniplied-in-factcontract,orsimplyanimpliedcontract.Theparties'conductrevealsthattheyintendedtoformacontractandcreatesanddefinesitsterms.?Toestablishanimplied-in-factcontract:(1)theplaintiffmusthavefurnishedsomeserviceorproperty;(2)theplaintiffmusthaveexpectedtobepaidandthedefendantkneworshouldhaveknownthatpaymentwasexpected;and(3)thedefendanthadachancetorejecttheserviceorprop